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Medications to Treat Anxiety

While therapy is the best treatment for anxiety, there are times when taking a short course of medicine is required. Treatment options for anxiety include tranquilizers and antidepressants.

SSRI antidepressants, such as citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and sertraline (Zoloft), improve the communication between nerve cells in the brain and can reduce anxiety. SNRIs that target the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine can also be effective.

SSRIs

SSRIs are the first class of medication doctors prescribe to treat anxiety disorders. They block nerve cell re-absorption of serotonin in the brain, a chemical which is vital for the regulation of mood. The medications take a while to work, but most people experience improvement within about 4 to 6 weeks. SSRIs are not habit-forming and do not trigger addiction, therefore they can be taken for longer periods of time.

Another type of antidepressant, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), also treats depression and anxiety. SNRIs are citalopram, the escitalopram, fluoxetine (Prozac), paraxetine (Paxil) and sertraline. Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine (Tofranil), doxepine, and an Anxiety Disorder stimulant are also used to treat anxiety and depression. new treatments for anxiety antidepressants like mirtazapine (Remeron) are also sometimes used to treat anxiety disorders.

Doctors do not know how SSRIs or SNRIs function, but they know that they boost the activity of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters within the brain. They stop the brain from reabsorbing these chemicals, and permit them to bind with their receptors.

SSRIs are used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (our homepage), GAD; obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD; panic disorder/agoraphobia; and posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. They can also aid in the bulimia nervosa disorder and binge eating disorder, however this is less frequent.

People suffering from anxiety who are not responding to SSRIs could be prescribed an antipsychotic atypical medication. Examples include quetiapine, (Abilify) and aripiprazole (Risperdal). These medications reduce anxiety in people with obsessive-compulsive disorders. They are usually given in conjunction with an antidepressant and are less likely to cause serious adverse effects than other kinds of antipsychotics.

Beta-blockers, also known as beta-blockers, can be used to reduce anxiety and are commonly prescribed for heart problems. Propranolol as well as atenolol are just two examples. They can reduce physical symptoms of anxiety in people with social anxiety disorder. They can help in reducing anxiety, particularly during or following surgery. The benzodiazepines, including lorazepam and Ativan (Ativan), can be used when other medications do not work. They can be addictive and habit-forming.

SNRIs

SNRIs are a kind of antidepressant medication that is often prescribed to treat anxiety. They function similarly to SSRIs, but they also increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. As a result, they are often more effective in treating certain types of anxiety disorders. This includes panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. Similar to other medications, they work best when they are used in conjunction with talking therapy and other treatment strategies.

In contrast to the benzodiazepines, SNRIs don't cause addiction or dependence in the majority of people. However, some patients might feel withdrawal symptoms when stopping the medication after a lengthy period of use. It is crucial to talk with your physician prior to discontinuing any medication.

Serotonin and norepinephrine, two neurotransmitters, are responsible for stress and mood reactions. Specifically, they play a significant part in the fight or flight response that a large portion of people suffering from anxiety experience. The SNRIs hinder nerve cells from rapidly mopping up these neurotransmitters by blocking the process of reuptake. They hold these chemicals in the body for longer periods of time and can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and even help with anxiety attacks.

Norepinephrine is also important in anxiety due to its ability to activate the amygdala, which is a deep and fundamental part of the brain that is linked with fear-related behaviors. It has been demonstrated that SNRIs reduce activity in this part of the brain, which could positively affect mood and anxiety as well as ease anxiety attacks.

These medicines are extremely helpful however, they may cause suicidal thoughts in some people. This is why they are usually prescribed in higher doses for a brief time. These medications can also interact with other drugs and substances. If you are on any other prescription or over-the counter medications, be sure to discuss this with your physician and keep them updated on any medical conditions that you may have including heart problems and bleeding disorders. Be aware that some patients experience adverse reactions to SNRIs like dry mouth and nausea.

Benzodiazepines

Benzos, also known as benzodiazepines commonly referred to as -- are medications that act quickly that can help ease anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms such as muscle tension and insomnia. They can be beneficial for sufferers of anxiety disorders, such as social untreated anxiety and panic disorder particularly if other treatments, such as SSRIs or psychotherapy (talk therapy), don't work. They can also be utilized as a temporary solution until you can wait for your antidepressant medication take effect. Drugs like diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan) are the most common benzos, although others include clonazepam (Rivotril), temazepam (Restoril) and flurazepam (Dalmane).

They typically begin working within 30 minutes because they are fast-acting. The meds don't last in the body for very long, so they must be taken on a regular basis to reap the maximum benefits. Benzos taken for long periods of time can lead to physical dependence and addiction therefore they should be used only for the shortest time possible. Benzos are not recommended for those with depression or other anxiety disorders, as they can increase the risk of these problems.

Benzo users who use them for a long period of time, often without medical supervision, can develop a condition called sedative-use disorders, which can include addiction and withdrawal symptoms. It is not common for those who are prescribed benzos to develop this disorder however. Benzo abuse is usually the result of other factors such as alcohol dependence and depression.

The long-term may also lead to tolerance to their effects of sedation. If you develop tolerance to the effects, you require more of the medication to achieve the same effect. In some cases this could lead to respiratory depression, coma and death. Even if you are taking benzodiazepines for a prolonged time, it is important to follow the prescribed dosage.

Other Medications

SSRIs and SNRIs are the primary medications doctors typically prescribe for anxiety. They alter serotonin which is responsible for the mood sleep, appetite, and appetite. They can take up to 12 weeks to begin working and can cause adverse effects, such as nausea or insomnia. SSRIs can also be used to treat mental disorders, such as panic disorder, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder. Antidepressants, unlike benzodiazepines do not cause physical dependence. However, they may cause withdrawal symptoms if they are abruptly stopped.

Medications in this class include sertraline (Zoloft) and fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa). They may be used on their own or in combination with therapy. Antidepressants are prescribed by a psychiatrist, psychologist or family physician with special training in medication management.

Doctors can prescribe a class called monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) as an antidepressant. These drugs inhibit the action of certain enzymes that break down chemicals, such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. MAOIs can take as long as four weeks to begin working however, they aren't as quick-acting as SSRIs.

Another medication to manage anxiety is clonidine, which is used to manage high blood pressure. However, it has limited effectiveness in treating anxiety. Its effectiveness is limited due to side effects such as hypotension and sedation. Doctors may prescribe antihistamines, such as hydroxyzine, to help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks. They may also decrease the effectiveness of benzodiazepines for certain patients.

Anxiety is typically treated by the combination of medication, psychotherapy and exercise. Working with a therapist that specializes in anxiety disorders is the most effective way to treat anxiety. They can help you work through the underlying causes of your anxiety and recommend strategies for managing it without medication, if necessary. Other options for anxiety home treatment for anxiety attack that don't require medication include eye movement desensitization, mindfulness meditation and trauma-informed Yoga. Talk to your therapist about how to determine the best options for you. Psychiatrists have the training to evaluate your symptoms, medical history and create an anxiety treatment plan that is appropriate for you. They will consider your individual medical history and preferences when preparing this plan and make changes to it as they go along.